UDL学习经验指南

清晰的学习成果, or statements of what you expect learners to know or be able to do by the conclusion of the learning experience, 设计任何学习体验的基础是什么.  清晰的学习成果 help you to design and measure the effectiveness of your learning activities, ensuring that what you ask learners to do as part of the learning experience helps them develop, apply, 并且练习你希望他们学习的技能和知识. They also help to assess learning by providing measurement benchmarks and ensuring assessments function appropriately.

Clearly communicating learning outcomes to learners and ensuring they understand how learning activities and assessments relate to those outcomes are also essential to creating an inclusive learning experience that empowers everyone to succeed.  学习者不能就如何管理自己的时间和精力做出明智的决定, 或者评估他们学习策略的有效性, if they do not understand what is expected of them and how different elements of a learning experience relate to those expectations.  For example, when learners are informed that readings were chosen and scheduled to provide background information that is needed to understand concepts discussed and applied during a class meeting, they will focus their attention more effectively and better understand the importance of completing the reading before class.  学习者过去的经历, 视角, and assumptions vary; adequately explaining activities, assignments, resources, 目标很重要.  Periodically checking in with learners to make sure they understand the course expectations is highly recommended.

Finally, clear learning outcomes are necessary for successfully incorporating the flexibility and multiplicity that are inherent to the UDL framework into a learning experience.  Learning outcomes will help you determine the appropriate limits of flexibility and choice – that is, where you can offer learners flexibility or options without jeopardizing achievement of learning goals and/or measurement of that achievement.  UDL不是降低学术标准的借口, but rather it provides a way of identifying and preserving what is essential for successful learning while removing arbitrary or inessential barriers that might prevent some learners from achieving that learning.

灵活性和选项是UDL的核心.  将多个, 课程材料呈现方式灵活, 迷人的学习者, and enabling learners to demonstrate their knowledge and skills increases the chances that each person can fully engage and is able to demonstrate the full extent of their learning.  Opportunities for learners to tailor a learning experience to their interests or personal learning goals can increase inclusivity and motivation – one example would be to allow students to choose from a list of reading or shape their own research topic.  Providing alternative ways for learners to process information helps them use study time and effort most effectively: for example, 如果每周作业的目标是巩固理解(检索练习), the assignment could be expanded to allow concept mapping using PowerPoint and audio responses to give learners who think visually or find it difficult to express ideas in writing a more productive means of achieving that goal.  要求学习者以不同的方式展示技能和知识.g., orally, in writing, in a short video) increases the chance that everyone has at least one opportunity to demonstrate their learning through a medium that capitalizes on their strengths.  Designing workshops and other learning experiences that allow multiple forms of participation – such as small group discussion, written posts to an online forum or providing written feedback to peers – is inclusive of participants who may have difficulty speaking and gives them meaningful avenues for contribution and self-expression.  它还鼓励那些说话很快的学习者进行自我反思.

Colleges are legally required to ensure that all learners have access to all aspects of the learning experience; this is also a primary goal of universal design for learning.  This includes ensuring that all learning materials used inside or outside a classroom are accessible and that accessibility features such as captions are enabled when materials are displayed to a group.  见布林·莫尔 大学课堂教学无障碍政策, 无障碍大学活动政策 and 无障碍网页政策 for guidelines for ensuring that in-person and online meetings and learning materials are accessible.  就像UDL的其他方面一样, attention to accessibility helps to ensure that everyone can fully engage with and benefit from a learning experience and demonstrate their learning.